Extended Data Figure 3: Metabolic characterization of mice consuming commercial NAS formulations.

10-week-old C57Bl/6 mice (N = 4) were given commercially available artificial sweeteners (saccharin, sucralose and aspartame) or controls (water, sucrose or glucose, N = 4 in each group) and fed normal-chow diet. After 11 weeks, metabolic parameters were characterized using the PhenoMaster metabolic cages system for 80 h. Light and dark phases are denoted by white and black rectangles on the x-axis, respectively, and grey bars for the dark phase. a, Liquids intake. b, AUC of a. c, Chow consumption. d, AUC of c. e, Total caloric intake from chow and liquid during 72 h (see methods for calculation). f, Respiratory exchange rate (RER). g, AUC of f. h, Physical activity as distance. i, AUC of h. j, Energy expenditure. k, Mass change compared to original mouse weight during 15 weeks (N = 10). l, AUC of k. The metabolic cages characterization and weight-gain monitoring were repeated twice.