Figure 3: The relationship between rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prevalence overall (a) and zoomed in for <20% PCR prevalence (b).

Blue, observed RDT:PCR prevalence data and model fit; pink, the triangulated RDT:PCR comparison (see methods); grey, the PCR:microscopy comparison from ref. 13. Dashed lines indicate the expected relationship if RDT (or microscopy) and PCR detected equal prevalence. Horizontal and vertical lines indicate 95% confidence intervals around point estimates, whereas coloured solid lines indicate the median of the Bayesian posterior distributions from the fitted model and shaded areas indicate 95% credible intervals. Radius of point estimates indicate cluster size (from small to large: <100, 100–1,000 and >1,000).