Extended Data Figure 1: Relative recovery of AGB after 20 years in relation to abiotic factors, forest cover, and land use.

a, Annual precipitation; b, CWD; c, rainfall seasonality; d, CEC; e, percentage forest cover in the surrounding matrix; f, previous land use (SC, shifting cultivation, N = 17; SC & PA, some plots shifting cultivation, some plots pasture, N = 2; PA, pasture, N = 9; means ± s.e.m. are shown). Relative recovery is expressed as the ratio of AGB after 20 years over median AGB of old-growth forest (as a percentage). Regression lines are shown while keeping the other variable constant at the mean value across sites (P = 0.040 for 1/rainfall, P = 0.027 for CEC, R2 = 0.23, N = 28 Neotropical forest sites).