Extended Data Figure 2: The reduction in ∆mtDNA caused by atfs-1(RNAi) is largely independent of autophagy, and ATFS-1 activation in the presence of a deleterious mtDNA is harmful.

a, Relative ∆mtDNA quantification as determined by qPCR in ∆mtDNA and atg-18(gk378);∆mtDNA worms raised on control or atfs-1 RNAi. n = 3; error bars, mean ± s.d.; *P < 0.03 (Student’s t-test). b, Images of hsp-6pr::gfp worms raised on control or spg-7 RNAi. Scale bar, 0.1 mm. c, Images of TMRE-stained wild-type, ∆mtDNA, atfs-1(et18) and atfs-1(et18);∆mtDNA worms. Scale bar, 0.1 mm. d, Images of synchronized atfs-1(et18) and atfs-1(et18);∆mtDNA worms raised on 2.5 μM rotenone 4 days after hatching. Scale bar, 1 mm.