Fig. 11: Grad-CAM attention visualization for ceramic artifact classification.

This figure presents Grad-CAM heatmaps generated by YOLOv11 and the improved YOLO model to visualize attention regions across three ceramic object categories. Red to yellow hues indicate high attention focus areas, while blue regions reflect minimal attention. a For a vase with floral feature, both models focus on central motifs, but the improved YOLO yields more consistent and centered activation. b For a jar with floral feature, attention from the baseline YOLOv11 is slightly off-centered, whereas the improved model clearly aligns with the dominant flower feature. c For the bird and flower feature on a cup, the improved model demonstrates better attention spread across both symbolic elements. This figure is based on original fieldwork photographs taken by the author, it present Grad-CAM attention overlays generated by the author based on real-world imagery.