Fig. 7

Effects of the presence of Mo ions in culture medium on mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS production in osteoclasts; culture medium containing 3.75 mg·mL⁻¹ or 10 mg·mL⁻¹ Mo ions (Mo) served as the experimental groups, while culture medium (Control) without Mo supplementation was set as the control group. a Representative immunofluorescence images showing ROS production in osteoclasts and quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity measured with ImageJ software (n = 11–15). Scale bar = 100 µm. b Representative immunofluorescence images showing PGC-1β and p-CREB expression in osteoclasts following incubation in different solutions; p-CREB (regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis) is labeled in green; PGC-1β (specific marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) is labeled in red; nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 µm. c Representative bands of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins (PGC-1β, p-CREB and CREB) in osteoclasts following incubation in different solutions (Western blot assays). d–f Quantitative analysis of PGC-1β (d) p-CREB (e) and CREB (f) expression in cells following incubation in different solutions (n = 3–4). The data are shown as the mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the indicated columns