Fig. 1

Compressive stress is distributed in the C-M and the A-D regions of mesial roots for a rat OTM model. a Illustration of the model creation process from micro-computed tomography images. The TIFF images are imported into MIMICS software and the maxillary M1 is selected as the object of study. Thresholding and mask editing are used to separate the tooth and the alveolar bone. The periodontal ligament model is established by Boolean operation. All components are imported into ANSYS software to refine the mesh and set the loading regime (red arrows). PDL periodontal ligament, M1 the first molar, M2 the second molar, M3 the third molar, A anterior, P posterior, T top, B bottom, L left, R right. b Finite element analysis of periodontal ligament with different force magnitudes. Compressive stress in the A-D region is shown in the red box and the C-M region is shown in the blue box. The yellow box represents the A-M region and the black box represents the C-D region. MR the mesial root, MPR the mesial palatal root, A-M apical mesial region, C-M cervical mesial region, A-D apical distal region, C-D cervical distal region