Fig. 3: Latest developments in various organic electrochromic materials and devices.
From: Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises
a Spectral regulation of conjugated polymers based on the “donor–acceptor” approach48. b Synthetic routes and structure for EC polymers, including PE-Cl, PR-Me, PR-MeO, PR-EHO, and PR-Br, based on the “donor–acceptor” approach, and the corresponding cyclic voltammograms50. c Schematic diagram of the interfacial electron transfer between ITO and an EC polymer50. d Schematic diagram of the electrical double layers formed by dopant ions50. e Schematic diagram of an EC device containing a TiO2 layer (BMIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; WE, working electrode; CE, counter electrode; RE, reference electrode)55. f Mechanism of the charge-balancing effect of the ion storage layer containing TiO2 and PW1156. g Photographic images of bistable electrochromic windows50. h Schematic diagram of the assembly process of organic–metallic hybrid EC materials. TCO, transparent conducting oxide22
