Fig. 1: Examples of wearable sweat sensors based on iontophoresis.
From: Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis: a review

a The basic principle of iontophoresis21. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. b An improved sweat alcohol sensor based on iontophoresis using a hex-wick35. Copyright 2018, RSC. c An iontophoresis-based biosensor for dual biofluid sampling and analysis, simultaneously and actively stimulating the production of sweat and tissue fluids77. Copyright 2018, Wiley. d A fully integrated and autonomous ionophoresis-based sweat sensor with a programmable current source17. Copyright 2017, National Academy of Sciences USA