Fig. 2: The commonly accepted classifications of BCIs. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 2: The commonly accepted classifications of BCIs.

From: Nanomaterial-based microelectrode arrays for in vitro bidirectional brain–computer interfaces: a review

Fig. 2

Existing BCIs are divided into invasive BCIs and noninvasive BCIs based on how the signals are acquired. Invasive BCIs require surgery to implant electronic devices into the brain. A noninvasive BCI can be achieved by fixing the devices outside the skull or directly using brain cells ex vivo with the help of cell culture technology. According to the subject of the research, noninvasive BCIs can be divided into in vivo BCIs and in vitro BCIs (created with http://BioRender.com)

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