Fig. 6: Theoretical calculation and simulation of the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system.
From: Recent advances and research progress on microsystems and bioeffects of terahertz neuromodulation
a Theoretical analysis of the effect of terahertz waves on Ca2+ transport. A1. Schematic diagram of terahertz waves regulating calcium ion transport across membranes and ions producing terahertz radiation; A2. The variation of ion transmembrane number with time under the control of THz pulses of different frequencies. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 79. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. b Theoretical analysis of the permeability of the voltage-gated calcium channel when irradiated with terahertz waves. B1. Schematic of accelerated Ca2+ permeation through the calcium channel under terahertz radiation; B2. Free energy profiles with and without the presence of external terahertz fields at different frequencies. Reproduced with permission from80. Copyright 2021, ACS Publications. c Theoretical analysis of the enhancement of K+ channel permeability under irradiation with terahertz waves. C1. The simulation system consists of two membranes. C2. Permeation events as a function of time under irradiation. Reproduced with permission from ref. 81. Copyright 2022, American Physical Society
