Fig. 2: PULSE transforms the experimental test design into a nanodrop-pixel array via dynamic droplet deposition. | Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Fig. 2: PULSE transforms the experimental test design into a nanodrop-pixel array via dynamic droplet deposition.

From: Automating life science labs at the single-cell level through precise ultrasonic liquid sample ejection: PULSE

Fig. 2

a Schematic process outlining the transformation of the parameter matrix to the execution steps for nanodrop display deposition. The numbers in the layers represent the number of repetitions of ejection. b “myBase” software interfaces with the user and synchronizes >100 parameters in experiments. E [e, x, y, t, f, v, Δt, τ, n]: E, parameter vector; e, ejector index; x and y, the 2D coordinates of the motorized stage; t, the timing of dispensing; f, v, Δt, τ, and n, the frequency, amplitude, delay, duration, and repetition of the acoustic pulses. c Examples of nanodrop displays with different printing configurations. Scale bars: 400 µm. d Three-dimensional comparison of the gating precision, speed, characteristic dimension, and reagent consumption of PULSE with other methods. HT Workstation, standalone high-throughput workstation. Robotic Cluster, integrated automation infrastructure for bio-manufacturing similar to BioFoundry. EWOD, digital microfluidics based on electrowetting-on-dielectrics. e Various biosamples ejected by PULSE, ranging from bacteria (~1 μm) to model organisms (~1 mm). Scale bars: E. coli – MCF7: 5 µm; Alga – Zebrafish Embryo: 50 µm

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