Fig. 8: Graphical abstract of this study.

The proposed role of endothelial VEGF-A/Cdk5/CXCL1 signaling in the process of neutrophil infiltration into the brain in AD mice. Wild-type serum-derived VEGF-A suppresses brain vascular endothelial CXCL1 expression via up-regulation of Cdk5 activity, thereby stopping neutrophils recruitment into the brain in AD mice, and improving memory impairment. VEGF-AR VEGF-A receptor, CXCR2 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2.