Fig. 3: Adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration, and inflammation-related gene expression in VAT and SAT of rats at 13 weeks of age.

a H&E staining of transverse sections of epididymal adipose tissue (scale bars, 100 μm). b Cross-sectional area of epididymal adipocytes as determined from sections similar to those in (a). c Immunohistochemical analysis of the monocyte–macrophage marker CD68 in transverse sections of epididymal adipose tissue (scale bars, 50 μm). d Number of nuclei for CD68-positive cells as a percentage of total nuclei and as determined from sections similar to those in (c). e‒g Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of relative MCP-1, osteopontin, and adiponectin mRNA abundance, respectively. h H&E staining of transverse sections of inguinal adipose tissue (scale bars, 100 μm). i Cross-sectional area of inguinal adipocytes as determined from sections similar to those in (h). j Immunohistochemical analysis of CD68 in transverse sections of inguinal adipose tissue (scale bars, 100 μm). k Number of nuclei for CD68-positive cells as a percentage of total nuclei and as determined from sections similar to those in (j). l, m Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of relative MCP-1 and osteopontin mRNA abundance, respectively. All quantitative data are means ± SEM (n = 6 rats for each experimental group). *P < 0.05 vs. MetS, **P < 0.05 vs. MetS + SAT, ***P < 0.05 vs. MetS + HS.