Table 1 List of studies included in the meta-analyses of the 48 bp VNTR in DRD4 gene.

From: DRD4 48 bp multiallelic variants as age-population-specific biomarkers in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Authors [Reference]	Case–control; TDT	Years	Populations	ADHD	Controls	Families	Results	Ethnic grouping	Caucasian	Hispanic	African-american	Asian	others
Qian Q [1]	cc-tdt	2004	China	307	165	160	No/no	Asian				Chinese
Leung PW [2]	cc	2005	China	32	247		Yes	Asian				Chinese
Cheuk DK [3]	cc-tdt	2006	China	64	64	64	Trend/no	Asian				Chinese
Leung PW [4]	tdt	2017	China			33	Yes	Asian				Chinese
Bhaduri N [5]	cc-tdt	2006	India	50	50		No	Asian				Indian
Das M [6]	cc-tdt	2011	India	126	96	123	No/no	Asian					Indo-caucasoid
Maitra S [7]	cc	2014	India	160	120		No	Asian					Indo-caucasoid
Stanley A [8]	cc	2017	India	44	44		No	Asian				Indian
Kim YS [9]	tdt	2005	Korea			126	No	Asian				Korean
Cho SC [10]	cc-tdt	2007	Korea	116	133		No/no	Asian				Korean
Ji HS [11]	cc	2012	Korea	114	84		No	Asian				Korean
Kim H [12]	cc	2017	Korea	255	98		No	Asian				Korean
Kim JI [13]	cc	2018	Korea	67	44		No	Asian				Korean
Hong JH [14]	cc	2018	Korea	150	322		Yes	Asian				Korean
Brookes KJ [15]	tdt	2005	Taiwan			198	No	Asian				Taiwanese
LaHoste GJ [16]	cc	1996	Canada	39	39		Yes	European-Caucasian	85%	12.50%	2.50%
Perkovic MN [17]	cc	2014	Croatia	102	128		Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Bakker SC [18]	tdt	2005	Dutch			236	No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Altink ME [19]	cc	2012	Dutch (IMAGE)	350	195		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
El-Faddagh M [20]	cc	2004	Germany	24	102		Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Becker K [21]	cc	2010	Germany	63	237		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Niederhofer H [22]	tdt	2008	Germany, Austria			36	No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Albrecht B [23]	cc	2014	Germany, Switzerland	94	31		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Kereszturi E [24]	cc-tdt	2008	Hungary	173	284		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Sonuga-Barke EJS [25]	cc	2008	IMAGE	702	694		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Hawi Z [26]	cc-tdt	2000	Ireland	99	88	78	No/no	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Kirley A [27]	tdt	2002	Ireland			118	No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Lowe N [28]	tdt	2004	Ireland			178	No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Johnson KA [29]	cc	2008	Ireland	68	60		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Gomez-Sanchez CI [30]	cc	2016	Spain	289	338		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Holmes J [31]	cc-tdt	2000	UK	129	442	133	Yes/yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Mill J [32]	cc-tdt	2001	UK	264	378	85	Yes/yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Curran S [33]	cc	2001	UK	133	91		Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Payton A [34]	cc	2001	UK	50	42		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Holmes J [35]	tdt	2002	UK			51	Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Paloyelis Y [36]	cc	2010	UK (IMAGE)	36	31		No	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Mill J [32]	cc	2006	UK, New Zeland				Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian				Dunedin (New Zealand)
Faraone SV [37]	tdt	1999	USA			27	Yes	European-Caucasian
Comings DE [38]	cc	1999	USA	52	368		Yes	European-Caucasian	white non-Hispanic
Barr CL [39]	tdt	2000	USA			82	Yes	European-Caucasian
Lunetta KL [40]	tdt	2000	USA			44	Yes	European-Caucasian
McCracken JT [41]	tdt	2000	USA			197	Yes	European-Caucasian	81%
Todd RD [42]	tdt	2001	USA			201	No	European-Caucasian
Maher BS [43]	tdt	2002	USA			33	No	European-Caucasian	71.5%	27.7%	19.5%	4.10%	3.5% Native American
Smith KM [44]	cc	2003	USA	158	81		No	European-Caucasian	94%	1%	5%
Kustanovich V [45]	tdt	2004	USA			293	Yes	European-Caucasian	79%	4%	2%	2%	13%
Gornick MC [46]	cc-tdt	2007	USA	166	282	113	Yes/yes	European-Caucasian	75%	10%	12%	2%	1%
Shaw P [47]	cc	2007	USA	105	103		Yes	European-Caucasian	75%	10%	13%	0%	2%
Lee SS & Humphreys KL [48]	cc	2014	USA	119	110		No	European-Caucasian	49%	9%	8%	3%	22% mixed, 10% others
Rowe DC [49]	cc	1998	USA, Atlanta	107	58		Yes	European-Caucasian	71.80%	4.30%	8.50%
Swanson JM [50]	tdt	1998	USA, California, Irvine			52	Yes	European-Caucasian	79.70%	11.40%	3.60%	2.80%	2% native american, 0.4% pacific island
Grady DL [51]	cc	2003	USA, California, Irvine	132	1652		Yes	European-Caucasian	79.70%	11.40%	3.60%	2.80%	2% native american, 0.4% pacific island
Sunohara GA [52]	tdt	2000	USA, California, Irvine; Canada, Toronto			199	Yes	European-Caucasian
Smalley SL [53]	tdt	1998	USA, California, Los Angeles			133	Yes	European-Caucasian	80%
Bidwell LC [54]	cc	2011	USA, Colorado	202	93		Yes	European-Caucasian
Reiersen AM and Todorov AA [55]	cc	2011	USA, Missouri	142	812		Yes	European-Caucasian	Caucasian
Frank Y [56]	cc	2004	USA, New York	81	24		No	European-Caucasian
Castellanos FX [57]	cc	1998	USA, Washington	82	112		No	European-Caucasian	white non-Hispanic
Shahin O [58]	cc	2015	Egypt	29	31		Yes	Middle Eastern					Egyptian
ElBaz Mohamed F [59]	cc	2017	Egypt	50	50		Yes	Middle Eastern					Egyptian
Tabatabaei SM [60]	cc	2017	Iran	130	130		Yes	Middle Eastern	Caucasian				Turkish
Eisenberg J [61]	tdt	2000	Israel			46	No	Middle Eastern					Ashkenazi-non Ashkenazy
Kotler M [62]	cc	2000	Israel	49	49		Yes	Middle Eastern					Ashkenazi-non Ashkenazy
Manor I [63]	cc-tdt	2002	Israel	360	1908	178	Trend/yes	Middle Eastern					Ashkenazi-non Ashkenazy
Tahir E [64]	tdt	2000	Turkey			26	Yes	Middle Eastern					Turkish
Guney E [65]	cc	2013	Turkey	50	50		No	Middle Eastern					Turkish
Ercan ES [66]	cc	2016	Turkey	201	100		No	Middle Eastern					Turkish
Akay AP [67]	cc	2018	Turkey	20	50		No	Middle Eastern					Turkish
Roman T [68]	cc-tdt	2001	Brazil	132	200	77	Yes/yes	South American	Caucasian				African or Native American admixture
Tovo-Rodrigues L [69]	cc	2012	Brazil	66	37		No	South American	Caucasian				African or Native American admixture
Tovo-Rodrigues L [70]	cc	2013	Brazil	339	2926		No	South American	Caucasian				African or Native American admixture
Carrasco X [71]	cc	2004	Chile	26	25		Yes	South American	70%				30% Amerindian
Carrasco X [72]	cc	2006	Chile	26	25		Yes	South American	70%				30% Amerindian
Henriquez-Henriquez M [73]	cc	2012	Chile	20	20		No	South American	70%				30% Amerindian
Arcos-Burgos M [74]	cc-tdt	2004	Colombia	99	94	56	No/no	South American					Paisa Antioquia community genetic isolate
Fonseca DJ [75]	tdt	2015	Colombia			86	No	South American
Martinez-Levy G [76]	cc	2009	Mexico	105	84		No	South American

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Table 1 List of studies included in the meta-analyses of the 48 bp VNTR in DRD4 gene.

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