Fig. 1: Brain morphology and brain age in 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 carriers.

A Scatterplots: Residualized brain measures vs brain age gap. Density plots; Horizontal: Brain measures, Vertical: Brain age gaps from the ‘cortical thickness machine learning model’, ‘surface area machine learning model’, and ‘subcortical volume machine learning model’. Columns: Mean cortical thickness (left), total surface area (middle), and total subcortical volume (right). Rows: Comparisons between: Deletion carriers versus deletion-controls, duplication carriers versus duplication-controls and deletion carriers versus duplication carriers. B Brain age gap group differences obtained from the ‘full machine learning model’. All values were adjusted for age, age², sex, scanner site, affection status (having either a F or G- ICD10 diagnosis), ICV and Euler number. All values were scaled for visualization purposes. Raw residuals, confidence intervals, and p-values can be found in Supplementary Figs. 1–3 (for measures of brain morphology) and Supplementary Figs. 6–9 (for measures of brain age gap). Red = deletion, carriers, gray = non-carriers, blue = duplication-carriers. R = correlation value across the two included groups. d = Cohens d. Group differences that survive the multiple comparison threshold are marked in bold. *p < 0.0014, ***p < 0.000014.