Fig. 5

Osteoblasts and vessel subtypes in superior periosteum, dura periosteum, and in cortical bone marrow space during defect repair with or without rhPTH treatment. Representative MPLSM images of vessel network around bone defects in superior periosteum (a), dura periosteum (b), and bone marrow space (c) at 21 days following surgery. d Quantitative analyses to compare microvasculature in superior vs. dura periosteum with or without rhPTH treatment, illustrating the volume fractions of Col 1a (2.3) GFP⁺ osteoblasts, the total CD31⁺ vessels, CD31⁺EMCN⁺, CD31⁺EMCN⁻ arterial vessels, and the arterial vessel volume ratio over total vessel volume. e Quantitative analyses of microvasculature in marrow space with or without rhPTH treatment, illustrating the volume fractions of Col 1a (2.3) GFP⁺ osteoblasts, the total CD31⁺ vessels, CD31⁺EMCN⁺, CD31⁺EMCN^- arterial vessels, and the arterial vessel volume ratio over total vessel volume. The length fraction of CD31⁺EMCN^- arterial vessels is also shown. f Quantitative analyses of the overall microvasculature in defects treated with or without rhPTH, illustrating the volume fractions of Col 1a (2.3) GFP⁺ osteoblasts, the total CD31⁺ vessels, CD31⁺EMCN⁺, CD31⁺EMCN⁻ arterial vessels, the length fraction of CD31⁺EMCN⁻ arterial vessels, and the arterial vessel volume ratio over total vessel volume. The total CD31⁺ vessels in bone-forming and non-bone-forming regions are also illustrated. n = 4, *P < 0.05 by ANOVA. Circles outline the region of the defects. Col 1a (2.3) GFP⁺ cells as Cyan, SHG as white, CD31 as red, and EMCN as green. Isolated CD31⁺EMCN⁺ and CD31⁺EMCN⁻ vessels are shown as green and red as indicated. Scale bar = 200 μm