Fig. 3: Risk of cancer per 1 SD log increase in YKL-40 and CRP levels, in individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, from the entire DD2 cohort.

DD2: The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes. NA: not available. Obesity-related cancers included gastrointestinal (liver, pancreatic, colorectal, esophageal, gastric cardia, and gallbladder), thyroid and kidney cancers, as well as multiple myeloma and meningioma. Female cancers included breast, ovarian and uterine cancers). Some individuals had multiple cancers. Cox regression, using age as time scale, estimated risks as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 included additional adjustments for family history of type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes duration, waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol overconsumption and physical activity. In model 3, further adjustments were made for: body mass index, smoking status, HbA1c, HOMA2-B, HOMA2-S, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Complete case analyses were used in models 1 and 2 (n = 9010 for YKL-40 and 9,644 for CRP), but model 3 (n = 11,346) employed multiple imputation to address missing data for YKL-40 and adjustment covariates, enhancing statistical power and reducing selection bias.