Fig. 2: Co-treatment of 3-BP with cetuximab induces autophagy, ferroptosis, and apoptosis in cetuximab-resistant human CRC cell lines. | Cancer Gene Therapy

Fig. 2: Co-treatment of 3-BP with cetuximab induces autophagy, ferroptosis, and apoptosis in cetuximab-resistant human CRC cell lines.

From: 3-Bromopyruvate overcomes cetuximab resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis

Fig. 2

A The effects of co-treatment with 5 μM 3-BP and 10 μg/ml cetuximab for four days were examined in DLD-1(KRASG13D/-), HT29(BRAFV600E), or Caco-2-CR cells. DFO (100 μM), QVD-OPH (25 μM), Nec-1 (25 μM), or CQ (50 μM) were used to determine their impact on cell response. B DLD-1(KRASG13D/-), HT29(BRAFV600E), or Caco-2-CR cells were treated with 5 μM 3-BP and/or 10 μg/ml cetuximab for four days, and immunoblotting assay analyzed the protein level of SLC7A11, GPX4, Cleaved Caspase-3, LC3b, p62, MLKL, and phosphorylated-MLKL. C The glutamate release after the cells were treated with 5 μM 3-BP and/or 10 μg/ml cetuximab for 24 hours. D–I The cells were treated with 5 μM 3-BP and/or 10 μg/ml cetuximab for four days, and the GSH level (D), the ROS level (E), the FerroOrange visualized Fe2+ level (F), the colorimetric method determined Fe2+ level (G), the MDA production (H) and the apoptotic cells (I) were evaluated. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates in (A), (C), (D), (E), (G), (H), (I), and n = 5 biological replicates in (F). ns: not significant.

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