Fig. 1: Endometrial fibrosis in AS patients is related to decreased expression of VEGFA.

a The mRNA expression levels of VEGFA, VEGF165 and two receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, relative to the control (GAPDH) in endometria from human subjects with AS (N = 50) and without AS (non-AS; N = 50) were examined by qPCR. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01. Unpaired t-test. Analysis of VEGF165 and VEGFR1 was performed using Welch’s correction. b The protein levels of VEGFA were significantly decreased in the endometria of AS patients (N = 6) compared to non-AS patients (N = 6). *P < 0.05. Unpaired t-test. c Paraffin-embedded human endometrial tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, α-SMA, or collagen 1 and by Masson’s trichrome staining at the late proliferative phase. All images are magnified ×200. Scale bar = 100 μm. N = 3, *P < 0.05. Unpaired t-test. d Hydroxyproline content was used to confirm endometrial fibrosis. N = 3, **P < 0.01. Unpaired t-test. AS Asherman’s syndrome