Fig. 2: SPOP downregulation promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer in vitro.

a SW1990 and PANC-1 cells were transfected with shSPOP#1 or shSPOP#2 sequences, with shGFP as a control. The efficiency of shRNA-mediated interference was detected using western blotting. b Dynamic monitoring of the proliferation of SW1990 and PANC-1 cells after SPOP knockdown using the iCELLigence RTCA analyzer. ***P < 0.001. c Effects of SPOP knockdown on colony formation by SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. Quantification of the stained colonies is shown in the right panel. Data are the average of three experiments (mean ± SD). ***P < 0.001. d Cell cycle analysis of SW1990 and PANC-1 cells after SPOP knockdown using flow cytometry. Quantification of cell percentage is presented on the right panel. NS, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. e Cell motilities were measured through testing the wound closure after SPOP knockdown in SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. Quantification of the wound closure is shown in the right panel. Data are the average of three experiments (mean ± SD). ***P < 0.001. f Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion abilities after SPOP knockdown in SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. Quantification of the stained colonies is shown in the below panel. Data are the average of three experiments (mean ± SD). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. g Western blot analysis was performed to characterize the expression of some cell cycle regulatory proteins and key metastasis-related proteins in SW1990 and PANC-1 cells in which SPOP was knocked down