Fig. 8: SUMOylation of IRF4 facilitates its binding to the IL-4 and Arg1 promoters and enhances macrophage M2 program. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 8: SUMOylation of IRF4 facilitates its binding to the IL-4 and Arg1 promoters and enhances macrophage M2 program.

From: Loss of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (Ubc9) in macrophages exacerbates multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes by attenuating M2 macrophage polarization

Fig. 8

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR results for IRF4 binding to the motif located in the Il-4 promoter at position −303 bp and the motif in the Arg1 promoter at position −361 bp are shown in a. Luciferase reporter activities in IL-4-stimulated RAW264.7 cells co-transfected with the Il-4 or Arg1 promoter reporter plasmid and the IRF4-WT or IRF4-K349R plasmid b. BMDMs were transduced with Ad-IRF4-WT or Ad-IRF4-K349R, and then stimulated with IL-4, followed by Seahorse and flow cytometry analyses. ECARs at baseline and after sequential treatment with oligomycin (Oligo) and FCCP c and ECAR values d are shown in the bar graphs. OCRs at baseline and after sequential treatment with oligomycin (Oligo) and FCCP e, OCR values f, and SRC values g are shown in the bar graphs. The frequencies of M2 macrophages transduced with Ad-IRF4-WT or Ad-IRF4-K349R either in WT or KO BMDMs are shown in representative plot dots and in the bar graph h. Results are means ± SEM from three independent experiments conducted. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; and ns not significant.

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