Fig. 5: Effects of diltiazem treatment on calpain activity.
From: Redefining the role of Ca2+-permeable channels in photoreceptor degeneration using diltiazem
Calpain-activity assay and immunostaining for activated calpain-2 in wt and rd1 retina. ToPro (red) and DAPI (grey) were used as nuclear counterstain, respectively. Untreated retina (ctrl; a–d) was compared to treatment with 50 µM of either D-cis diltiazem (e–h) or L-cis diltiazem (i–l). The bar graphs show the least-square (LS) means percentages of cells positive for calpain activity (m) and activated calpain-2 (n) in wt and rd1 retina, compared to the untreated control (ctrl). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from a contrast test performed between control and 50 μM L-cis-diltiazem treatment (L-50 µM). For statistical analysis, see Tables S7 and S8; error bars represent SEM; **p < 0.01. Scale bar = 30 µm.
