Fig. 4: Activation of intracellular transcription and expression of HIF-1α, PPARα, and CPT1A in Low-oxygen environments.

A–C HIF-1α, PPARα, and CPT1A mRNA levels in IEC-6 cells. D The expression of HIF-1α, PPARα and CPT1A proteins were detected by western blot. E–G Protein levels of HIF-1α, PPARα and CPT1A were analyzed based on western blot in IEC-6 cells. H, I β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetic acid levels were measured in IEC-6. Values are listed as the mean ± SD. Values are listed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ns, non-significant, compared with the control groups (n = 3).