Fig. 9: A schematic illustration of drug testing using 3D models.

A Immunofluorescence staining of A549 spheroids. The A549 cells were seeded onto R3CE culture plate and cultured for a duration of 7 days. Confocal microscopy was employed of the spheroids with a 20X object. The spheroids were stained with CD44 (labeled with Alexa Fluor™ 488), Alexa Fluor™ 568 Phalloidin, and Hoechst 33342. B Process Diagram of Future Goals. Sequencing the genes of cancer patients and selecting treatment options for those with TP53-related hotspot mutations for gemcitabine chemotherapy.