Fig. 1: Histologic subtypes of LUAD revealed by ST.

a Schematic representation of patient sample processing for ST and mIHC. b Annotated histologic subtypes for sample ST_P5, including micropapillary (red), poorly differentiated acinar (green), and solid (blue) subtypes. c UMAP plots of 2481 spatial spots (10 clusters). Spot color was consistent with corresponding cluster identity. d Spatial distribution and clustering of ST spots. e Heatmap showing DEGs of each cluster.