Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of how L.m. bearing adhesion ___domain like Rib provokes Th1 cell activation in AD-associated neuroinflammation and the intervention strategy elicited by GV-971. | Cell Discovery

Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of how L.m. bearing adhesion ___domain like Rib provokes Th1 cell activation in AD-associated neuroinflammation and the intervention strategy elicited by GV-971.

From: Sodium oligomannate disrupts the adherence of Ribhigh bacteria to gut epithelia to block SAA-triggered Th1 inflammation in 5XFAD transgenic mice

Fig. 7

a The colonization of L.m. via adhesion-related Rib ___domain initiated metabolic reprogramming including the altered amino acid and lactate. The release of lactate could activate SAA via GPR81-p-NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. SAA then activates monocytes and DCs which subsequently stimulate Th1 cells, mediating AD-associated neuroinflammation. Other species bearing Rib, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus suis, etc., may have similar adhesive potential and Th1 stimulating function in AD development. During this process, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and other amino acids also increase to stimulate Th1 cells as mentioned in our last report. b Oral administration of GV-971 inhibits Rib-bearing L.m. adhesion and decreases bacteria colonization, suppresses the lactate-GPR81-SAA axis, and inhibits phenylalanine, and isoleucine, which finally reduces Th1 cell activation.

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