Fig. 7: Schematic illustration of proposed working model of how hEnSC transplantation affects liver microenvironments.

hEnSCs attract MoMFs/Kupffer cells in ALF livers and secrete CST1 in a paracrine fashion to suppress the IFN-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization, and to promote the reprogramming of MoMFs/Kupffer cells into anti-inflammatory phenotypes by IL10, which finely tunes the immune microenvironments to accelerate the resolution of inflammation.