Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Brief Communication
  • Published:

Comparison between general obesity and abdominal adiposity to estimate cardiovascular disease prevalence in individuals with chronic kidney disease: results from NHANES 2005–2016

Abstract

Abdominal obesity, regardless of overall obesity, is associated with metabolic abnormalities and with direct impact on cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The data analyzed is from 2005–2016 cycles of the NHANES. A total of 2,825 participants with CKD were included in this study, and most of them had a high BMI, 66.1%, to be exact (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² if age <65 or >27.0 if age ≥ 65). The prevalence rates of high WC (≥102 cm for men or ≥88 cm for women) and high WHtR (WHtR>0.5) in the study population were 70.0% and 91.0%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that BMI is a good indicator of the risk of CVDs in individuals with CKD. In addition, the results show that WC and WHtR are associated with CVDs in non-overweight individuals of both sexes. These results indicate that the assessment of abdominal fat is essential even in non-overweight patients because the risk of CVDs cannot be identified in this subpopulation using only BMI.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Wood AM, Pennells L, et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011;377:1085–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C, et al. Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America’s Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Associat. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022;85:1197–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2012;13:275–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W, et al. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD: 2020 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76:S1–107.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després JP, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e984–1010.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:604–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Expert Panel on Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Anthropometry Procedures Manual. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CDC, 2009. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_09_10/bodymeasures_09.pdf. Accessed on: February 18, 2023.

  9. Luan H, Song Y, Cao L, Wang P, Zhu D, Tian G. Gender differences in the relationship of waist circumference to coronary artery lesions and one-year re-admission among coronary artery disease patients with normal Body Mass Index. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;23:4097–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rinkūnienė E, Petrulionytė E, Dženkevičiūtė V, Petrulionienė Ž, Senulytė A, Puronaitė R. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged Lithuanian women in different body mass index and waist circumference groups. Prim Care Diabetes. 2023;17:27–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen S, Liu H, Liu X, Li Y, Li M, Liang Y, et al. Central obesity, C-reactive protein and chronic kidney disease: a community-based cross-sectional study in southern China. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;37:392–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

A doctorate scholarship was provided to the CSAS by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), an organization of the Brazilian federal government under the Ministry of Education.

Funding

No financial assistance was received.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

CSAS, MRGP conceived and designed research; CSAS, LLSS, MRGP analyzed the data; CSAS, LLSS, ATVSF, NAC, LCCL, MRGP data interpretation; CSAS wrote the paper. All authors read, reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

41430_2023_1398_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Associations of overall obesity and abdominal adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in population with chronic kidney disease.

41430_2023_1398_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary Table 2. Area under the curve ROC (AUC) of BMI, WC and WHtR to predict cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in population with chronic kidney disease.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Araújo Sugizaki, C.S., da Silva, L.L.S., de Souza Freitas, A.T.V. et al. Comparison between general obesity and abdominal adiposity to estimate cardiovascular disease prevalence in individuals with chronic kidney disease: results from NHANES 2005–2016. Eur J Clin Nutr 78, 449–451 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-023-01398-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-023-01398-1

Search

Quick links