Fig. 4: Median-joining networks for three sub-haplogroups of haplogroup R1a1.
From: Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain
Networks (all at the same scale) based on 21 Y-STRs for (a) R1a1-GML2; (b) paragroup R1a1-GML8*; (c) R1a1-GML9. Circles represent haplotypes, with areas proportional to frequency, and coloured to represent populations as shown in the key. Lines between haplotypes (links) represent STR mutational steps.
