Fig. 4
From: Persistent CO2 emissions and hydrothermal unrest following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal
Conceptual models of the carbon dioxide and hydrothermal transport before and after the Gorkha earthquake. Pre- and post- seismic models are shown separately for a–b the Bhote Kosi valley (Syabru-Bensi and Timure) and c–d the Chilime valley (Chilime, Sanjen and Brapche). The CO2 is produced at depth and a significant fraction is transported to the surface by hydrothermal circulations, which efficiently take advantage of fault network; some CO2 can also move upwards independently, reaching the surface without hot spring (Sanjen, Syabru-Bensi GZ3) and accumulate in the subsurface reservoir revealed by CO2 emissions following the earthquake. The main effect of the earthquake is an increase of vertical permeability with transient or permanent changes
