Fig. 5
Environmental stability and photovoltaic performances. X-ray diffraction spectra of bare CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3·PPC (0.3 and 5.0 wt%) films against a moisture (relative humidity: 70 ± 5%), b light (AM 1.5G) and c heat (100 ºC), d Photovoltaic parameters of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with the addition of different Lewis bases: short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Each box chart includes the minimum, lower quartile (lower horizontal line), median (middle horizontal line), mean (hollow square), upper quartile (upper horizontal line), maximum, and discrete data, e Current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics and f PCE evolution in ambient conditions as a function of time of CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells without and with PPC. The error bars represent the standard deviation of the PCE measured from multiple devices for each condition
