Fig. 4

Functionally important amino acids in OsCd1. a Schematic diagram of gene structure and SNPs in OsCd1. b Predicted three-dimensional structural model of OsCd1. The structures of OsCd1^D449 (red) were viewed parallel (left one) and perpendicular (right one) to the membrane, respectively, and so for OsCd1^V449 (gray). Residue Asp449 in OsCd1^D449 (red) and Val449 in OsCd1^V449 (gray) were labeled at the cytoplasmic end respectively. ICH indicated intracellular helix. All structure figures were prepared with PyMol. c The grain Cd distribution of each genotype of OsCd1 among rice natural variations group treated with 0.18 mg kg⁻¹ in pot-test; n denoted the number of genotypes belonging to each group. In each box plot, the bold horizontal line indicates the median, the edges of the box represent the first and third quartiles, and whiskers extend to span a 1.5 interquartile range from the edges. d Cd accumulation in W303 expressing OsCd1^D449 (red) and OsCd1^V449 (black) yeast treated with 20, 40, 60, 80 μM CdCl₂ for 24 h. Data from the transgenic lines were designed with three replications. e SR-μXRF images of Cd distribution of ZH11, OE-OsCd1^V449, and OE-OsCd1^D449 lines in the rice grain. The emission intensity of each pixel was normalized using the beam intensity as reference. f Concentration of Cd in the brown rice of ZH11 (gray), OE-OsCd1^V449 (black) and OE-OsCd1^D449 (red) lines treated with 1.8 mg kg⁻¹ in the field. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Statistical comparison was performed by one-side t-test (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). Data from the transgenic lines were designed with ten replications and data points for all biological replicates are shown. Source data of Fig. 4c, d and f are provided as a Source Data file