Fig. 4
Retrieval of cLTM requires AMMC and AMMC-LH neurons. a Left: The expression pattern of NP1004-Gal4. The neurons that connect the antennal mechanosensory and motor centre (AMMC) and lateral horn (LH) are broadly labelled (arrow). Right: The presynaptic marker syt::GFP driven by NP1004-Gal4 is highly concentrated in the LH region. Scale bar = 20 μm. b Left: Schematic of R38E07-Gal4 AMMC neurons. Right: Blockade of R38E07 neurons during testing abolishes cLTM retrieval (n = 6–12). c Left: Schematic of NP1004-Gal4 AMMC to lateral horn neurons. Right: Blockade of NP1004 neurons during testing abolishes cLTM retrieval (n = 6–10). d Left: Protocol and experimental setup of arista lesion. Right: Removal of the arista abolishes cLTM retrieval (n = 4). e In vivo calcium imaging shows that GCaMP6f fluorescence, driven by NP1004-Gal4, induces calcium responses to tactile stimulation of the arista in the lateral horn (LH) region (n = 8). Left: Time course averaged across all animals. The arrow indicates delivery of the tactile stimulus. Right: The integrated peaks of ΔF/F in the time bins. The responses to tactile stimulus were significantly higher than the control group. f Left: Samples of transcriptional reporter of intracellular calcium (TRIC)-labelled R38E07 neurons in AMMC after different treatments: direct measurement, test without copper grid, and test with copper grid 24 h after training. Scale bar = 20 μm. Right: Normalized TRIC intensity calculated with different treatments (n = 10–12). g Schematic of the brain showing a model of cLTM retrieval mediated by olfactory and tactile information. Data are mean results ± SEM; individual data points are displayed as dots; *P < 0.05 by ANOVA or t test
