Fig. 3

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) visualization of image features and within-assemblage image feature diversity of moths. a An MDS visualization of the 2048-dimension feature vector of species in relation to the moths’ elevational distribution. b Species assemblages along the elevational gradient were determined by their mean elevation. The legend of 0–100 m represents the assemblage of species mean elevations range from 0 to 100 m above sea level and so on, until 2400 to 2500 m. Since some intervals have no collection event, we acquired 19 species assemblages in total. Within-assemblage image feature diversity was defined as the cosine distance of their 2048-dimension feature vectors between any two species within the same assemblage. Warmer colours correspond to lower elevations, and cooler colours to higher elevations. In box-and-whiskers diagrams, boxes indicate median and upper and lower quartile and whiskers indicate range of data. Source data are provided as a Source Data file