Fig. 1

Device performance of pero-SCs. a Schematic illustration of layer-stacking of pero-SCs with a structure of ITO/PTAA/MAPbI3/PCBM/Al with and without PCBB-3N-3I/PCBB-3N treatment on MAPbI3. b J–V curves of champion devices under AM 1.5 G illumination at a scan rate of 0.02 V s−1 for both forward (0 to 1.2 V) and reverse (1.2 to 0 V) scanning. c Statistics of PCEs for control, PCBB-3N-3I, and PCBB-3N devices. The error bars are SD in PCE of 20 devices for each structure. d EQE spectra and integrated current of champion devices. e Light intensity-dependent Voc for pero-SCs. f Jph vs. Veff curves of the pero-SCs