Fig. 2

The arrangement of fullerene derivatives on the perovskite film. a, b SFG spectrum of perovskite before and after treatment with PCBM, PCBB-3N-3I, and PCBB-3N at a region corresponding to vibration modes for C60 moiety and b C–H stretch region corresponding to vibration modes for pendant group. c, d Schematic illustration of molecular orientation of c PCBB-3N-3I and d PCBB-3N on MAPbI3