Fig. 1

ELF3 is located within a region of focal amplification in lung adenocarcinoma. a Comparison of significantly focally amplified regions on chromosome 1q in LUAD and LUSC. b Comparison of ELF3 expression between LUAD (red) and LUSC (green) in TCGA (n = 1017), Samsung Medical Centre (n = 138, GSE8894), and Duke University data sets (n = 111, GSE3141) by Mann–Whitney U test. c Box and whiskers plots of log₂ ELF3 expression in 83 paired cases of non-malignant lung (blue) and lung adenocarcinoma (red) in the BCCA cohort (Wilcoxon sign-rank test), and unpaired cases of 58 non-malignant lung and 513 lung adenocarcinoma samples in the TCGA cohort (Mann–Whitney U test). d Mean log₂ ELF3 expression in non-malignant lung (blue) and in LUAD (red) grouped by purity estimate in the TCGA cohort⁵⁵. e Distribution of ELF3 expression fold change in LUAD compared with paired non-malignant lung in the BCCA and TCGA cohort. f Representative ELF3 immunohistochemistry images from a tissue microarray of LUAD (left panel) and LUSC (right panel) (scale bar = 100 µm). g Box and whiskers plots of ELF3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score as determined by pathologist review (n = 236, Mann–Whitney U test). Score was calculated by multiplying the percent of positive cells by the stain intensity (+1, +2, +3). In all box and whisker plots, center line represents the median, box bounds indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend from minimum to maximum. LUAD = lung adenocarcinoma, LUSC = lung squamous cell carcinoma, TMA = tissue microarray.