Fig. 2: Differences in resilience, resistance and recovery between now-dead and surviving trees.

a Differences in resilience between now-dead and surviving trees. Differences in b resistance and c recovery between now-dead and surviving trees as a function of the taxonomic group (angiosperms vs. gymnosperms). The data are presented as model-adjusted, back-transformed least-square means ± 95% confidence intervals (Table 1). Resilience, resistance and recovery indices were computed from tree-ring width (TRW) series of surviving (grey squares) and now-dead (red squares) trees. Asterisks indicate significant pairwise differences in least square means between now-dead and surviving trees (t or χ² test in LMM: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Panels are separated by taxonomic group only when differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms are significant (Table 1). Source data are available in Digital.CSIC repository (https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/10536).