Fig. 5: Regulation of TSCM CD4 cells homeostasis during aging.
From: Immunological history governs human stem cell memory CD4 heterogeneity via the Wnt signaling pathway
a TCF-1 and SLAMF-6 expression in CD4 T cells. Representative zebra plots of SLAMF-6 and TCF-1 staining in CD4 T cells from a representative old individual. b TCF-1 and SLAMF-6 expression in TSCM CD4 cells during aging. Representative overlaid histograms plots of SLAMF-6 and TCF-1 expression in gated TSCM CD4 cells from young (n = 10) and older (n = 10) individuals. c Decreased expression of TCF-1 during CD4 T-cell differentiation and aging. The median fluorescence intensity of TCF-1 was measured in T-cell subsets. The statistical analysis was performed on paired (n = 20, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) or unpaired samples (n = 20, Mann–Whitney; *, **, ***, and **** for p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d Alternative activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by DKK-1 during aging. Cryopreserved plasma was used to measure autoantibodies directed against molecules involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (n = 93 and n = 60 in young and old, respectively). The statistical analysis of immunone protein array data was performed on unpaired samples (U Mann–Whitney test, **** for p < 0.0001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. e Modulation of the natural inhibitor and agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during aging. The plasmatic concentration of DKK-1 and SFRP1 was measured directly by ELISA (n = 43 and n = 37 in young and old donors, respectively). The statistical analysis was performed on unpaired samples (U Mann–Whitney test, **** for p < 0.0001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f Regulation of TSCM CD4 cells by DKK-1 and SFRP1. The frequency of TSCM CD4 cells correlated negatively or positively with the systemic concentration of DKK-1 and SFRP1, respectively (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0118) (n = 77). The correlations were calculated with the Spearman’s rank-order test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. g Inflammation and DKK-1 plasma levels. The concentration of DKK-1, sCD14, sCD163, and IL-26 was measured directly by ELISA. Plasma levels of tryptophan and L-kynurenine were measured by LC-MS/MS. The correlations were calculated with the Spearman’s rank-order test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
