Fig. 6: Hybrid colloidal molecules by living cells and synthetic particles.
From: Active colloidal molecules assembled via selective and directional bonds
a Self-propelled colloidal molecules assembled by E. coli and dielectric sphere (D = 4 μm). b Self-propelled colloidal molecules by yeast cells and dielectric sphere (d = 1 μm). c Yeast cell and E. coli assemble to form purely biological colloidal molecules, which propels under the EHD mechanism. d Yeast cell and P1 assemble to form steering colloidal molecules following an approach-touch-steer assembly process. e Time lapses showing the formation of colloidal molecules with metallic bond by patchy particle P4 and yeast cell (f = 800 Hz). f P4 and yeast cells assemble into a colloidal carrousel when propulsion directions of patchy particle synchronize (f = 1500 Hz). Scale bar: 4 μm.
