Fig. 6: The ARS2/MAGL module regulates tumorigenesis through PGE2–mediated induction of M2-like TAMs.

a qRT-PCR analysis of Klf4, Cd206 (Mrc1), Tnfα, and Cd163 in bone marrow derived-macrophages (BMDMs) after induction with PGE2 (10 μM), LPS or IL4, or treatment with control. All error bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. b, c Expression of CD86 (b) and CD206 (c) in BMDMs treated with PGE2 (10 μM), LPS, IL4, or vehicle control, and in negative BMDM control by flow cytometry. F4/80 was co-stained for macrophagic population verification. d, e Representative IF images (d) and corresponding quantification (e) of PGE2, CD86, CD206, ARG1, Nestin, and GFAP in brain tissues from X01-shCtrl and X01-shARS2 #2 orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Scale bar, 50 µm. All error bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). **P < 0.01, t-test. f, g Representative IF images (f) and corresponding quantification (g) of PGE2, CD86, CD206, ARG1, Nestin, and GFAP in brain tissues from X01-shCtrl and X01-shMAGL-1 orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Scale bar, 50 µm. All error bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, t-test.