Fig. 1: Principle of generation of generalized perfect Poincaré beams (PPBs) via dielectric metasurface.
From: Broadband generation of perfect Poincaré beams via dielectric spin-multiplexed metasurface
a A hybrid-order PoincarĂ© Sphere (HyOPS) representation of various PPBs. As an example, the two poles are represented by two perfect vortices (POVs) with the same ellipticity and different topological charges lm = 5 and ln = 10. The annular intensity profiles of six PPBs (red arrows represent the polarization distributions) with different coordinates are of same size and these elliptical hollow beams are transformed into distinct patterns using a vertical linear polarizer depicted by the white double arrow. b, c Left: schematic illustration of the metasurface capable of providing two independent phase profiles φ1 and φ2 for LCP and RCP light, respectively. The output beam becomes a RCP (b) or LCP (c) POV with the topological charge of lm (b) or ln (c). Right: an example of the intensity (top) and phase (bottom) profiles of metasurface-generated POV with lm = 5 (b) and ln = 10 (c).
