Fig. 3: Reconstruction of dislocation cores during positive climb.

a–f A series of HRTEM images showing the reconstruction of a dislocation core. Scale bar: 0.5 nm. g The corresponding contrast intensity profiles extracted along the dotted rectangles in a–f. h–l GCMC results revealing the atomic structure evolution of dislocation cores during positive climb. The upper row of images shows the top view (xy-plane) of the merging process of two adjacent atomic columns (colored in red) at the core of each of two GB dislocations (marked by symbol ⊥). The lower row shows the corresponding side view (xz-plane) generated by cutting the atomic structure along the black dotted line in h. Another two neighboring atomic columns (colored in cyan) serve as a reference and are not directly involved in the reconstruction process at the climbing dislocation core.