Fig. 3: Spatial patterns of winter sea surface temperature (SST), 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) and surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies related to the interannual variations of the sea ice concentration (SIC) over Barents-Kara Seas (BKS), North Atlantic SST and Niño3.4 index.

a–l Regressed DJF (December- February) mean a–f SST and g–l Z500 (contour interval = 10, gpm) and SAT (color shading, K) anomalies onto 9-year high-pass filtered normalized a, d, g, j BKS SIC, b, e, h, k Niño3.4, and c, f, i, l North Atlantic SST first principal component (PC1) time series during a, b, c, g, h, i 1950–1989 and d, e, f, j, k, l 1990–2019. Dotted regions are significant at the 95% confidence level (for color shading) based on a two-sided Student t-test.