Fig. 7: Changes in the winter Walker cell and Atlantic Hadley cell with El Niño and La Niña. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Changes in the winter Walker cell and Atlantic Hadley cell with El Niño and La Niña.

From: Origins of Barents-Kara sea-ice interannual variability modulated by the Atlantic pathway of El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Fig. 7

a Time series of normalized DJF (December-February) mean Niño3.4 (red line) and Atlantic Hadley cell (blue line) indices during 1950–2019, where the Atlantic Hadley cell index is defined as the difference of the ___domain-averaged DJF-mean 500-hPa vertical velocity between the subtropical North Atlantic (25°–35°N, 80°W–0°) and equatorial Atlantic (5°S–5°N, 80°W–0°). The correlation coefficient between the two lines is −0.76 (p < 0.01) during 1950–2019. b, c Vertical-longitude profiles of the Walker cell defined by DJF-mean zonal wind (m/s) and vertical velocity (mb/s) anomalies averaged over 5°S–5°N for b La Niña and c El Niño. d, e Vertical-latitude profiles of Atlantic Hadley cell defined by DJF-mean meridional wind (m/s) and vertical velocity (mb/s) anomalies averaged over the longitudes 80°W–0o for d La Niña and e El Niño. The anomaly is relative to the 1950–2019 climatological mean.

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