Fig. 2: Gene–protein associations based on protein-level data.

The left plots show the position of genetic variants against the position of the coding gene. The Manhattan plots (right) show the sentinel pQTLs and associated proteins. The green dots represent cis-pQTLs, while the red dots represent trans-pQTLs. pQTLs, protein quantitative trait loci. The genome-wide significant associations that should have (i) meta-analysis P < 5 × 10−8/304; (ii) P < 0.05 in four sub-cohorts; (iii) consistent direction of effect across the sub-cohorts. pQTLs protein quantitative trait loci.