Fig. 1: Characterization of Ir/IrOx.
From: Lifetime over 10000 hours for organic solar cells with Ir/IrOx electron-transporting layer
a The synthesis process of Ir/IrOx nanoparticles. In the synthesis route, the Δ represents heating at 160 °C. b The cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) patterns of Ir/IrOx samples spin-coated on ITO, which was prepared by a focused ion beam (FIB). The insert is the high-resolution image of a single Ir/IrOx nanoparticle on copper mesh, which was characterized by a special aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (AC-TEM). c The Ir 4f X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) plot of Ir/IrOx nanoparticles. d The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) characterizations of ITO (gray), ZnO (blue), and Ir/IrOx (red). The Peak-force quantitative nanomechanical mappings (PFQNM) morphology (e, f) and adhesion (g, h) patterns of ZnO and Ir/IrOx films.
