Fig. 3: Biosynthetic pathway of medicinal tropane alkaloids (mTAs). | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Biosynthetic pathway of medicinal tropane alkaloids (mTAs).

From: Revealing evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis by analyzing two genomes in the Solanaceae family

Fig. 3

a Schematic representation of the medicinal tropane alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. Light green represents module I, including PMT putrescine N-methyltransferase, MPO N-methylputrescine oxidase, PYKS type III polyketide synthase, CYP82M3 tropinone synthase, and TRI tropinone reductase I. Light blue represents module II, including AT4 aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 4, PPAR phenylpyruvic acid reductase, and UGT1 phenyllactate UDP-glycosyltransferase. Light red represents module III, including LS littorine synthase, CYP80F1 littorine mutase, HDH hyoscyamine dehydrogenase, and H6H hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase. Pax, P. axillaris; Dst, D. stramonium; Can, C. annuum; Stu, S. tubersoum; Sly, S. lycopersicum. b The functional characterization of MPOs from A. belladonna by RNA interference in hairy roots. Left, the hyoscyamine and scopolamine contents in AbMPO1-RNAi root cultures. Right, the hyoscyamine and scopolamine contents in AbMPO2-RNAi root cultures. CK, control root cultures. iMPO1, hairy root cultures with AbMPO1 RNAi. iMPO2, hairy root cultures with AbMPO2 RNAi. DW, dry weight. The data are presented as means values +/− s.d. (n = 5 biologically independent samples). *, represents a significant difference from control line (CK) at the levels of P < 0.01 as determined by two-sided Student’s t-test. For hyoscyamine contents, *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-3), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-7), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-8), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-9), and *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-11). For scopolamine contents, *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-3), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-7), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-8), *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-9), and *P = 0.0000 (iMPO1-11). c Extracted ion chromatograms showing the in vitro catalytic activity of five purified recombinant PPARs from P. axillaris (PaPPAR, Peaxi162Scf00071g00082.1), A. belladonna (AbPPAR, EVM0020147.2), D. stramonium (DsPPAR, DstT013938.1), C. annuum (CaPPAR, XM_016708230.2), and S. lycopersicum (SlPPAR, XM_004229823.4) with phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) used as a substrate. The blue dotted line represents the retention time of phenyllactic acid, the product of PPAR. d Gene expression profiles (in normalized TPMs) of different tissues in two species are presented in the heatmap alongside the gene names (F fruit, FL flower, L mature leaf, S stem, PR primary root, SR secondary roots, R1-R5 the roots of A. belladonna at five different development stages, L1-L5 the young leaves of A. belladonna at five different development stages). Source data underlying b and d are provided as a Source Data file.

Back to article page