Fig. 6: IGFBP5 knockdown suppresses GSC invasion and tumorigenesis in patient-derived xenografts.

a Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of patient-derived 772 GSCs. b Categorization of patient-derived 772 GSCs based on the RNA-seq analysis. c RT-qPCR analysis of IGFBP5 expression in patient-derived 772 GSCs infected with shCtrl, shIGFBP5-1, or shIGFBP5-2 lentivirus. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments), two-tailed Student’s t-test (left to right, ^****P = 0.00004, ^****P = 0.00005). d Invasion assays with patient-derived 772 GSCs infected with shCtrl, shIGFBP5-1, or shIGFBP5-2 lentivirus. The graph shows the mean number of invasive cells ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments), two-tailed Student’s t-test (left to right, ^***P = 0.0004, ^**P = 0.001). e H&E staining of the whole brains of mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of patient-derived 772 GSCs infected with shCtrl, shIGFBP5-1, or shIGFBP5-2 lentivirus. Scale bar, 100 μm. f Kaplan–Meier survival curves of mice implanted with patient-derived 772 GSCs infected with shCtrl, shIGFBP5-1, or shIGFBP5-2 lentivirus (n = 6 in each group, 1 × 10⁵ cells/mouse). shCtrl vs shIGFBP5-1, P = 0.0275; shCtrl vs shIGFBP5-2, P = 0.0005; log-rank test. g IHC analysis of pHER2, pROR1, and pCREB in orthotopic xenografts of patient-derived 772 GSCs infected with shCtrl, shIGFBP5-1, or shIGFBP5-2 lentivirus. Scale bar, 100 μm. Source data are provided as the Source Data file.